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Rutherfords Atomic Model

 



Rutherford's Atomic Model:-

  • In 1911 Rutherford carried out the gold foil experiment in order to gave his atomic model.
  • He bombarded a thin sheet of gold foil (thickness 0.00004cm) with alpha rays . A circular screen coated with Zns was arranged behind the foil.
Observation:-
He observed that
  1. Most of the alpha rays(99%) passed through the foil and cause iuuminations on the screen .
  2. Few rays divided their normal path at the centre.
  3. Very few rays (1 among 20,000) completely retraced their path at the Centre.
Conclusion:-
He conclude that
  1. There were so many empty spaces in an atom .
  2. He divided the atom into two parts I.e nuclear and extra nuclear.
  3. The Centre part of atoms was called nucleus and it contained positive protons.
  4. The region arounded the nucleus was called extra nuclear part and the extra nuclear part are electrons.
  5. Electron were revolved around the nucleus in a circular path called orbit.
  6. The centripetal force of electron and the attractive force of electron were equal and revolved around the nucleus.
  7. He compared his atomic model with solar system.The nucleus was compared with the sun and the electrons with planets.
  8. His atomic model was called a mini - solar system.

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